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HP EMULATOR EMU48 64 BIT
HP EMULATOR EMU48 SERIAL
HP EMULATOR EMU48 SOFTWARE
HP EMULATOR EMU48 CODE

The effects of (non-extreme) temperatures are almost negligible. Eventually the yields improved and the CPUs which clocked closer to 4 MHz were installed in the non-expandable units as well.

According to one of the engineers on the design team of the HP 48G series (Dave Arnett), the yields for 4 MHz CPUs were essentially separated into two bins: the ones closest to spec, generally near 3.93-3.94 MHz, were reserved for the expandable models (GX), and those just slightly under spec were used for the non-expandable units (G).

Some claim that the frequency varies according to temperature.

Hewlett-Packard 48GX Scientific Graphing Calculator

Maximum additional memory per expansion card: 128 KB (48SX only).

Communication protocol(s): Kermit (protocol).

CPU codename: Clarke ( Saturn 1LT8 core).

Available expansion card ports on X models: 2.

HP EMULATOR EMU48 64 BIT

Maximum register size: 64 bit (both working and scratch registers).

Maximum 4-bit-cell address width: 20 bits (leading to the address space shown next).

HP EMULATOR EMU48 SERIAL

Communication ports: 4-pin RS-232 ( Serial port, standard UART at 1200 to 9600 bauds with option for parity (none/even/odd/mark/space)) and Infrared port (not IrDA, similar to serial, zeroes are pulses with duration 1/8 of a full bit time).

The previous series of Saturn-based ICs were codenamed Lewis, after Meriwether Lewis. The codename of the IC is Clarke in the S/SX, after William Clark, and Yorke in the G/GX, after Clark's manservant. These packages have codenames inspired by the members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. In both the HP 48S/SX and G/GX series, the Saturn CPU core is integrated as part of a more complex integrated circuit (IC) package.

HP EMULATOR EMU48 CODE

The processor has a 20-bit address bus available to code but due to the presence of the high/low nibble selection bit, only 19 bits are available externally. External logical data fetches are transparently converted to 8-bit physical fetches. The main registers A, B, C, D, along with temp registers R0, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are a full 64-bits wide, but the data registers D0 & D1 are only 20-bit. The HP 48 series' Saturn microprocessor is a hybrid 64-bit / 20-bit CPU hardware-wise but acts like a 4-bit processor in that it presents nibble-based data to programs and uses a nibble-based addressing system.

48GX ASEE: 1993 (special edition labelled "1893 ASEE 1993 Shaping our world - Century II").

HP EMULATOR EMU48 SOFTWARE

Likewise, the hardware and software design of the HP 48 calculators are themselves strongly influenced by other calculators in the HP line, most of all by the HP-18C and the HP-28 series. The hardware architecture developed for the HP 48 series became the basis for the HP 38G, with a simplified user interface and an infix input method, and the HP 49G with various software enhancements. Note that the similarly named hp 48gII (2004) is not really a member of the series, but rather much more closely related to the hp 49g+. The SX and S models have the same amount of onboard memory.

The G+ models have more onboard memory only. In particular, the GX models have more onboard memory than the G models. The models with an X suffix are expandable via special RAM (memory expansion) and ROM (software application) cards.

The series includes the HP 48S, HP 48SX, HP 48G, HP 48GX, and HP 48G+, the G models being expanded and improved versions of the S models.

The HP 48 is a series of graphing calculators using Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) and the RPL programming language, designed and produced by Hewlett-Packard from 1990 until 2003. Serial, Infrared, Kermit (protocol), ( Xmodem added on G series) Clarke 1LT8 ( Saturn core for the HP48S series) and the Yorke HP 00048-80063 ( Saturn core for the HP48G series)